A pituitary macroadenoma is a benign tumor in the pituitary gland, an important organ that regulates body functions through hormone production and release. These tumors, often over 10 millimeters in size, are considered slow-growing and can be responsible for multiple symptoms based on whether the tumor is functional or non-functional. Functional macroadenomas can be responsible for overproduction of certain hormones, including growth hormone, prolactin, and Cushing’s disease. Non-secreting macroadenomas do not secrete excessive hormones but result in pressure-type symptoms such as headaches, vision changes, and hypopituitarism. Diagnosis of pituitary macroadenoma includes complete history, physical, blood work, imaging tests, and endocrine function tests.
Pituitary macroadenoma management varies based on tumor size, function, symptoms, and health of the patient. Non-functional tumors are initially managed by observation, whereas functional tumors such as prolactinomas are managed by medication. Larger or functioning tumors are treated with surgery, most commonly transsphenoidal surgery. Tumors that are not fully resectable or that recur after surgery are treated with radiation therapy, such as stereotactic radiosurgery. Neurosurgeons are the main surgeons for the removal of pituitary macroadenoma, in collaboration with endocrinologists and other experts to establish the most appropriate treatment for every patient.
Mr. Emmanuel M Millapo from Zambia successfully underwent Transphenoidal Excision of Pituitary Adenoma at Yashoda Hospitals, Hyderabad, under the supervision of Dr. Rajasekhar Reddy K, Sr. Consultant Neuro & Spine Surgeon.