Swollen Feet / Pedal Edema Symptoms

Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment

Pedal edema, or foot edema, is the medical term for swelling in the feet and ankles due to fluid retention in surrounding  body tissues. Pedal edema commonly affects the lower extremities of the body, most commonly feet.

What is pedal edema?

The accumulation of excessive fluid results in swelling, which is typically painless and leaves an indentation when the skin surface is pressed. This condition is referred to as “pitting” edema. It is caused by fluid leaking from small blood vessels into the surrounding tissues. Pedal edema can range from mild to severe and is often seen in both feet, though it can also affect only one foot or ankle.

Types of edema

Understanding the different types of edema is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. Types of edema are:

• Peripheral Edema
  Even in the lower limbs, particularly the legs, ankles, and feet. Caused by cardiac failure, impaired kidney functioning, and  poor blood circulation
  
•  Pulmonary Edema

Fluid gets accumulated in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe, and becomes a medical emergency requiring immediate attention. This condition is often caused by heart failure, lung infections, COPD, or kidney failure.

• Cerebral Edema
  This condition is seen when fluid builds up in the brain. A severe head injury, a burst blood vessel, or a tumor can all contribute to this dangerous condition.
  
• Macular Edema

Fluid builds up in the macula, which is in the center of the retina at the back of the eye. This is a serious complication of diabetic retinopathy. 

• Lymphedema

Lymphedema is the buildup of lymphatic fluid, commonly seen in the arms or legs, due to damage or blockage in the lymphatic system. It often occurs after surgery or radiation therapy for cancer.

• Angioedema

Angioedema is a type of edema that occurs in the deeper layers of the skin, often affecting the face, lips,eyes, and throat. It can be caused by allergic reactions, certain medications, or hereditary conditions.

• Generalized Edema (Anasarca)

Is a widespread swelling throughout the body. It often indicates a serious underlying condition like severe heart failure, kidney disease, or liver cirrhosis.