Multiple myeloma is a cancer that forms in plasma cells, which are white blood cells that produce antibodies. These cancerous plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow and cause abnormal antibodies, known as M proteins, which can cause damage to organs and tissues....
L5-S1 PIVD, or L5-S1 Prolapsed Intervertebral Disc with radiculopathy, is a condition where the intervertebral disc between the fifth lumbar vertebra (L5) and the first sacral vertebra (S1) in the lower spine herniates or ruptures, impinging upon the nerve roots...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, primarily due to impaired or dying neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain responsible for producing dopamine. The exact causes of PD are not fully...
A renal mass, or kidney mass, is an abnormal growth within the kidney, ranging from benign cysts to malignant tumors. The most common malignant kidney tumor in adults is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with risk factors including smoking, obesity, high blood pressure,...
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting movement, primarily due to impaired or dying neurons in the substantia nigra, a region of the brain responsible for producing dopamine. The exact causes of PD are not fully...